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History of Stun Guns
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Today’s stun gun owes it origins to the cattle prod. In the U.S.,
inventors had been patenting electric cattle prods from the beginning of the century.
By the 1950s, the stun devices were being patented but now they were characterized as non-lethal weapons.
The first stun gun taser design (1952) was proposed for commando operations, to replace loud explosive gunfire.
Domestic uses of what was to become a stun gun were also proposed such as an
"Electrified Stick for Postman" (1964) or "Combined Policeman's Club and Restraining Device" (1960).
In the early 60s, Government commissions proposed more effective means of riot control, including electric
stun batons. These stun gun devices were characterized as improved law enforcement batons or crowd
control sticks. They were mounted as accessories on teargas firearms to prevent rioters from wresting
them from police. In the 1970s, electric stun technology took the shape of stun guns and tasers, proposed
as ways of demobilizing terrorists. They were particularly touted for airline safety since a handgun
could puncture the plane's shell while stun tasers could immobilize terrorists at a distance. By the
end of the 70s, inventors began marketing today’s stun gun devices to the public as weapons against muggers.
How a Stun Gun works:
A stun gun is a hand-held, battery-powered device designed to deliver an electric shock to an attacker.
The batteries supply electrical current to the stun gun’s circuitry, which contain transformers that
boost the voltage, typically to between 50,000 and 900,000 volts, and reduce the amperage. This current
charges a capacitor. The capacitor builds up a charge, and releases it to the electrodes. The electrodes
are simply two prongs of conducting metal positioned in the circuit with a gap between them at the top of
the stun gun. Since the electrodes are positioned along the circuit, they have a high voltage difference
between them. If you fill this gap with the attacker's body (conductor), the electrical pulses dump
electricity into the attacker's central nervous system. A stun gun uses high voltage and low amperage to
temporarily disable an attacker for several minutes. A stun gun also interrupts the neurological impulses
that control and direct voluntary muscle movement. When the attacker neuromuscular system is overwhelmed
and controlled by the stun gun he loses his balance. When a stun gun touches both probes against the
assailant’s body for 1/2 second, it will startle the assailant, giving him some pain, muscular contraction
and shock. For 1-2 seconds, a stun gun will cause muscle spasms and a dazed mental state. For 3-5 seconds,
a stun gun will cause loss of balance and muscle control, total mental confusion and disorientation,
leaving him dazed. The attacker will be unable to recover for several minutes and effects may last for
up to fifteen minutes. Under no conditions can you suffer a charge back to your own body, even if the
assailant touches you while you are using a stun gun on him.
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Crystal Prisms 
